The central task in this field of expertise is to research the functions of ecosystems and their biodiversity and physiogeographical diversity as well as the development of concepts for their conservation, restoration, and sustainable management. Research focuses on ecological processes and their dynamics as well as the interactions between the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. 

The understanding of material cycles and the underlying abiotic and biotic interactions as well as feedback effects between ecosystems and the climate forms the basis for sustainable forestry and agriculture, soil protection, water protection and management, protection against natural hazards, wildlife management, land and resource use as well as nature-based solutions for the conservation, improvement, and restoration of ecosystems and their services. 

Future focal points include research into the effects of climate change on ecosystems and ecosystem services and feedback effects between ecosystems and the climate. The development of adaptation options and resilient systems to safeguard natural resources and their sustainable use will play a central role. Other research focuses include social, ecological, and geo-oriented long-term research, research into and promotion of biodiversity and soil health in agricultural systems, forest systems, near-natural ecosystems, urban ecosystems, and inland waters, as well as DNA-based approaches and digitization projects in the sense of continuous data collection and analysis as a basis for ecosystem modelling and climate impact research