GRain
GRain (version 2.2) is software intended to enable and promote testing of various hypotheses with respect to purging and heterogeneity of inbreeding depression.
The program is based on a stochastic approach, the gene dropping method, and calculates various individual coefficients from large and complex pedigrees. To test the purging of inbreeding depression, GRain calculates, together with the “classical” inbreeding coefficient, ancestral inbreeding coefficients proposed by Ballou (1997) and Kalinowski et al. (2000) as well as an ancestral history coefficient, defined here for the first time.
Ancestral history coefficient quantifies the frequency that an allele has undergone Identical by Descent (IBD) status in the past. Furthermore, GRain enables testing of heterogeneity and/or purging of inbreeding depression with respect to different founders/ancestors as it calculates partial coefficients for all previously obtained coefficients.
Download GRain-zip-file
Detailed descriptions of the program methods, input and output files for the GRain v2.1 are provided in the paper
Roswitha Baumung, János Farkas, Didier Boichard, Gábor Mészáros, Johann Sölkner, Ino Curik (2015): GRAIN: A computer program to calculate ancestral and partial inbreeding coefficients using a gene dropping approach.
Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 132, 100–108. doi:10.1111/jbg.12145
Unfortunately, the GRain v2.1 had a small bug in the calculation of the Kalinowski ancestral and new inbreeding coefficients which has been corrected in the GRain v2.2.
Detailed descriptions of the required corrections made in the GRain v2.2 are provided in the paper
Harmen P. Doekes, Ino Curik, István Nagy, János Farkas, György Kövér, Jack J. Windig (2019)
Ancestral and new inbreeding coefficients derived by Kalinowski: revised calculation,
Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, (submitted).
The full text is available from the authors on demand.
BENDING
BENDOPT and BENDPDF are two computer programs implementing different approaches of the so-called "BENDING" procedure (Hayes and Hill, 1981). In BENDOPT, the appropriate bending factor is either chosen by an optimized procedure (Essl, 1991), which requires some prior knowledge, or may be preselected by the user in dependence of some sample properties. This approach was primarily intended to improve poorly estimated variance-covariance matrices for index selection purposes. However, this procedure can also be applied quite generally to any genetic variance-covariance matrix obtained from a small or poorly structured sample to get more reliable parameter-estimates (e.g. heritabilites and genetic correlations between traits). more