Institute of Social Ecology (SEC) was significantly contributing to the development of MFA methods and indicators, and published seminal work on methodological standards.

  • Early conceptual foundations: Society’s Metabolism.: The Intellectual History of Materials Flow Analysis: Fischer-Kowalski 1998; Fischer-Kowalski and Hüttler 1998
  • First comparative studies: The Material Basis of Industrial Economies (Adriaanse et al. 1997), The Weight of Nations: Material Outflows from Industrial Economies (Matthews et al. 2000)
  • International harmonisation: Methodology and Indicators of Economy-wide Material Flow Accounting. State of the Art and Reliability Across Sources (Fischer-Kowalski et al. 2011)
  • Scientific Review and summary on Material Flow Accounting: Measuring Global Material Use for Sustainable Development. (Krausmann et al. 2017)
  • Methodological Handbook: Economy-wide Material Flow Accounting. Introduction and Guide. Version 1.2. (Krausmann et al. 2018)