Institute of Social Ecology (SEC) compiled a large body of empirical data on the global, national as well as local level. Time series cover 30 up to more than 100 years.

Global

  • Regional Patterns in Global Resource Extraction. (Schandl and Eisenmenger 2006)
  • The Global Sociometabolic Transition. (Krausmann et al. 2008)
  • Growth in global materials use, GDP and population during the 20th century. (Krausmann et al. 2009)
  • The global metabolic transition: Regional patterns and trends of global material flows, 1950–2010. (Schaffartzik et al. 2014b)